Population:
- In 1923, Texas had a population of around 4.3 million people. Today, it exceeds 29 million, making it the second most populous state in the U.S.
Economy:
- The economy was largely based on agriculture and ranching. Cotton was the primary cash crop, and cattle ranching was prominent in the western and southern parts of the state. Oil and gas production was still in its early stages but would become a major economic driver in the coming decades.
Transportation:
- The transportation infrastructure was limited compared to today's standards. Paved roads were scarce, and most roads were unpaved and poorly maintained. Automobiles were becoming more common but were still a luxury for many. Trains provided an essential means of long-distance travel.
Cities and Towns:
- The largest cities in Texas were Houston, Dallas, San Antonio, and El Paso. These cities were significantly smaller than they are today, with populations in the tens to hundreds of thousands. Most Texans lived in rural areas.
Culture:
- Texas was known for its strong cowboy culture, with rodeos and cattle drives being popular events. Traditional Mexican and German influences were also evident in various aspects of Texan culture, such as music, cuisine, and festivals.
Technology:
- Technology was in its early stages of development. Electricity was becoming more widespread but was still limited in rural areas. Telephones were becoming more common, and radio broadcasting had just begun. Motion pictures were gaining popularity, and the first commercial radio stations were established in Texas during the 1920s.
Education:
- The public education system was under development. School attendance was not yet mandatory, and many rural areas lacked adequate educational resources. Higher education institutions were limited compared to today, with the University of Texas at Austin being the most prominent state university.
Overall:
Texas in 1923 was a state undergoing significant changes and transformations. The transition from a primarily agricultural economy to a more diverse economy, the growth of cities and transportation infrastructure, and the evolving cultural and social landscape laid the foundation for the Texas we know today.
