During the ceremony, the shaman would breathe in cohoba powder through his nose, which would induce visions and contact with the spirit world.
2. Guatiao - a war ceremony that celebrated victories over enemies and protected warriors from harm.
3. Areíto (Areito Ceremony) - this was a form of theatrical group-dance or song-dance used to celebrate important events, educate new tribal members, welcome guests of honour and more.
4. Festivals related to the agricultural cycle - Planting (sembrar) and harvesting of cassava (yuca), corn, and various tropical fruits and vegetables.