36 Landlocked Countries: Nations Without a Sea Coast

A landlocked country has no territorial access to the ocean. There are 44 globally (including partially recognized states); here are 36 widely recognized UN members:

1. Afghanistan
2. Andorra
3. Armenia
4. Austria
5. Azerbaijan (Caspian only—landlocked from world ocean)
6. Belarus
7. Bhutan
8. Bolivia
9. Botswana
10. Burkina Faso
11. Burundi
12. Central African Republic
13. Chad
14. Czech Republic
15. Ethiopia (lost coast 1993)
16. Hungary
17. Kazakhstan (Caspian only)
18. Kyrgyzstan
19. Laos
20. Lesotho
21. Liechtenstein
22. Malawi
23. Mali
24. Moldova
25. Mongolia
26. Nepal
27. Niger
28. North Macedonia
29. Paraguay
30. Rwanda
31. San Marino
32. Serbia
33. Slovakia
34. South Sudan
35. Eswatini (Swaziland)
36. Switzerland
37. Tajikistan
38. Turkmenistan (Caspian only)
39. Uganda
40. Uzbekistan
41. Vatican City
42. Zambia
43. Zimbabwe

Double landlocked (surrounded by landlocked countries): Liechtenstein, Uzbekistan. Caspian littoral states (Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan) have inland sea access but no ocean outlet.

Landlockedness increases trade costs ~50% (UNCTAD); many rely on transit neighbors' ports and corridors.