What is the state?

The state, in political science, is a distinct political entity that has sovereignty over a territory. Historically, states have been independent, territorially defined, bureaucratic entities that claim power over their populations based on legitimate coercive force.

The modern concept of the state derives from the 16th century, when European societies transitioned from feudalism to capitalism.

- Before this time, political power was often fragmented and decentralized, with various feudal lords and city-states competing for control over territory. The rise of the modern state involved the consolidation of power in the hands of a central government.

The process of state formation occurred through various means, including conquest, warfare, and diplomacy. As states grew in size and complexity, they developed increasingly sophisticated systems of governance.