* Argentina
* Australia
* Chile
* France
* New Zealand
* Norway
* United Kingdom
The United States and Russia are the only two countries that have not signed the Antarctic Treaty, which was signed in 1959 and prohibits any new territorial claims in Antarctica. The United States and Russia have reserved the right to make claims in the future, but they have not done so to date.
The territorial claims in Antarctica are overlapping and have not been universally recognized. The Antarctic Treaty has frozen all territorial claims and requires that any disputes be resolved peacefully. As a result, Antarctica is governed by a unique system of international cooperation, which is designed to protect the continent's environment and scientific research.