How rising air is produced in Pakistan by depressions?

Rising air in Pakistan is not produced by depressions. The primary mechanisms responsible for the uplift and rising air in Pakistan are primarily associated with the interaction between the topography of the region and prevailing atmospheric conditions, including the presence of the Himalayas, monsoon circulation, and western disturbances. Here are the main factors:

1. Himalayan Mountain Range:

- The Himalayas act as a significant barrier to the flow of moist air during the summer monsoon season. As moisture-laden winds from the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal encounter this mountain range, they are forced to rise.

- The rising air cools, condenses, and forms clouds, leading to heavy precipitation on the windward side of the Himalayas, known as orographic lift.

2. Monsoon Circulation:

- During the summer monsoon season (June-September), a low-pressure area develops over the Indian subcontinent, including Pakistan. This low-pressure system draws in moist winds from the oceans and creates a strong influx of moisture.

- The convergence of moisture-rich air masses from the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal leads to atmospheric instability and thunderstorm activity, causing updrafts and rising air.

3. Western Disturbances:

- Western disturbances are weather systems that originate in the western Mediterranean region and move eastward across Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan during the winter season.

- As western disturbances approach Pakistan, they bring cold, moist air and cause upliftment of air along their path, resulting in cloud formation and precipitation.

It's important to note that while depressions can lead to rising air in certain weather systems, they are not the primary mechanism responsible for producing widespread and sustained rising air in Pakistan. Instead, the topographic features, monsoon circulation, and western disturbances play a more dominant role in influencing atmospheric conditions and uplifting air in the region.