The Bombay Municipal Corporation (BMC) was established in 1872 to manage the city's infrastructure and essential services such as water supply, sanitation, roads, and public health. The corporation was divided into wards, each with elected representatives.
The city's first major railway terminus, Bombay Victoria Terminus (VT), was completed in 1887. It served as the primary hub for long-distance trains. Other key stations built during this era include Dadar, Kurla, and Bandra.
The first post office opened in 1792, and by the end of the 19th century, over 100 post offices served local and international mail. The first telephone exchange was installed in 1882, rapidly expanding the city's communication capabilities.
Electric lighting arrived in 1872, and a comprehensive electricity network was in place by 1900. Water supply systems were significantly upgraded with new reservoirs, aqueducts, and pumping stations. Public transportation improved with the introduction of tramways and later buses.
Numerous educational institutions, including colleges, universities, and specialized schools, were founded throughout this period, cementing Mumbai's status as a center of learning.