How many people live near an ocean or estuary?

According to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), approximately 40% of the world's population lives within 100 kilometers (62 miles) of the coast. This means that around 3 billion people live in coastal areas, where oceans and estuaries are prominent features. Coastal regions are attractive to human settlement due to various factors such as access to transportation, trade, food resources, and favorable climates. As a result, a significant portion of the global population resides near oceans or estuaries.