Leapfrogging occurs when developers jump from one built-up area to another, leaving a large, undeveloped space of land or forest in between. This can occur because of the city's zoning laws. The problem with leapfrogging is that transportation between the two developed areas often becomes dependent on driving rather than walking or biking.
Commercial strip developments lead people out of the main city, causing more miles to be used for roads. This, in turn, leads to fast-food restaurants, big chain stores and gas stations lining the roads out of town. Problems occur as large numbers of cars cause congestion and pollution, while the proliferation of retail businesses lead to the destruction of forests and natural lands.
Residential subdivisions typify low-density residential areas. In the suburbs, houses are situated on large pieces of land, unlike cities, where houses contain little or no yard area. Suburbs take up large amounts of space and typically, residents are forced to drive everywhere, adding to pollutants in the environment. Suburbanites can cut their environmental footprint by biking and walking when possible, as well as by planting trees on their land.
Zoning laws separate land uses. This means that an area of land can be used for only one purpose, such as retail businesses or residential housing. This prevents people from being able to live near commercial establishments. Zoning for single use also encourages leapfrogging, because developers are unable to continue building if the adjacent area is zoned for a different use.
