Developed campsites, available in public and private areas, provide varying degrees of amenities. They are accessible from main roads, and campers are often asked for a fee. While some developed sites will only include as little as a picnic table and cleared area for a tent, others will offer an expansive resort-style area that includes concessions, scheduled activities, cabins, laundry services and additional facilities. Reservations are strongly recommended at both public and private campgrounds, especially during the peak summer months. Developed campsites are often season specific. For example, two of the five developed campsites at the Rocky Mountain National Park are closed from late September to late May.
Preparation is crucial for a back-country trip, as campers will hike into the wilderness away from major roads and modern conveniences. While gear varies according to individual preferences, make sure you have a wilderness survival kit, including a map, knife, flashlight and first aid kit. A GPS tracking device is helpful, but not necessary. These trips provide campers with solitude and an opportunity to "rough it." Additionally, back-country and primitive camping are often part of hiking expeditions. Hikers completing the 2,180-mile Appalachian Trail will set up primitive campsites off the trail. Some national parks require permits for back-country camping in order to reduce the environmental effect.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's website recommends receiving vaccinations, practicing proper food storage and fire safety, avoiding wildlife and applying insect repellent. For food safety, keep cold foods in an insulated container and cook foods - especially meats - to proper temperatures. When building a fire, avoid placing it under low-hanging branches and circle the fire pit with stones. Always keep an eye on the fire. Keep a safe distance from the wildlife. In addition to the danger of wild animal attack, they also carry diseases such as Giardia and rabies. Do not store food close to the shelter, as this will entice animals to your sleeping quarters. Frequent application of bug spray containing DEET helps avoid painful bug bites and insect-born diseases such as West Nile Virus. Watch for and remove ticks.
Leave no trace means that whatever a camper brings in, he must bring out. This principle applies to back-country camping. Developed campsites typically have disposal areas and are in high-traffic areas. Back-country camping exposes humans to delicate, pristine landscapes. In primitive campsites, dig at least a 6-inch hole for human waste, and cover the hole when finished. Pack out all trash including toilet paper and hygiene products. In addition to removing what you bring in, do not remove any vegetation or wildlife from the area. Extinguish the fire completely before leaving the campsites.
