- Subsistence farming: This is the most common type of farming practiced by campesinos, and it involves growing crops primarily for the consumption of the farmer's family. Common crops include maize, beans, potatoes, and cassava.
- Cash crop farming: This involves growing crops that can be sold for cash, either on the local market or for export. Common cash crops in Colombia include coffee, bananas, and flowers.
- Livestock farming: Campesinos also raise animals for meat, milk, and eggs. Common livestock include cattle, pigs, chickens, and goats.
- Forestry: Some campesinos also engage in forestry, which involves planting and harvesting trees. This can be done for either timber or firewood.
The type of agriculture practiced by campesinos in Colombia is often influenced by the country's diverse geography and climate. For example, in the mountainous regions, campesinos may practice terrace farming, which involves creating raised platforms on the slopes of hills to reduce erosion. In the coastal regions, campesinos may practice rice farming, which involves cultivating rice in flooded paddies.
Campesinos in Colombia often face a number of challenges, including poverty, lack of access to credit and markets, and environmental degradation. However, they play a vital role in the country's food supply and economy.