- Land revenue: The Sultanate collected taxes on agricultural production from peasants and farmers. The tax rates varied depending on the crop and the region.
- Customs duties: The Sultanate imposed tariffs on goods imported and exported through its ports. These duties were a significant source of income, as India was a major trading centre at the time.
- War booty: The Sultanate often engaged in military campaigns against neighboring kingdoms. The spoils of these wars, including gold, silver, and other valuables, were a major source of revenue.
- Tribute from vassals: Many kingdoms in the Indian subcontinent paid tribute to the Delhi Sultanate in order to maintain peaceful relations. This tribute was often in the form of gold, silver, or valuable goods.
- Other taxes: The Sultanate also imposed a variety of other taxes, such as a poll tax on non-Muslims, a tax on livestock, and a tax on certain types of businesses.
These sources of revenue allowed the Delhi Sultanate to maintain a large military, build magnificent monuments, and support a large bureaucracy.
