Time: 3 Hours
Marks: 100
Section A
1. Answer all the questions: (10 x 2 = 20 Marks)
a) What is the electronic configuration of carbon atom in its ground state?
b) What is the difference between a sigma and a pi bond?
c) What is the hybridization of carbon atoms in benzene?
d) What is the functional group present in an aldehyde?
e) What is the difference between a primary, secondary and tertiary alcohol?
f) What is the product of the reaction of an alkene with hydrogen bromide in the presence of a peroxide?
g) What is the name of the reaction in which an alkane is converted into an alkyl halide?
h) What is the structure of the product formed when an aldehyde reacts with a primary amine?
i) What is the difference between a peptide bond and a glycosidic bond?
j) What is the structure of DNA?
Section B
2. Answer any five of the following questions: (5 x 10 = 50 Marks)
a) Describe the Bohr model of the atom and explain its limitations.
b) Explain the concept of ionization energy and its variation across the periodic table.
c) Discuss the molecular orbital theory and its application in explaining the bonding in carbon dioxide molecule.
d) Describe the mechanism of nucleophilic substitution reaction in an alkyl halide.
e) Explain the concept of resonance and its role in stabilizing molecules.
f) Discuss the stereochemistry of alkenes and their reactions with electrophilic addition reagents.
g) Describe the synthesis of aniline from benzene.
h) Explain the mechanism of the Diels-Alder reaction and its applications in organic synthesis.
Section C
3. Answer any two of the following questions: (2 x 15 = 30 Marks)
a) Discuss the various types of intermolecular forces and their influence on the physical properties of substances.
b) Describe the principles and applications of chromatography in the separation and analysis of chemical compounds.
c) Explain the concept of thermodynamics and its application in chemical reactions.
