There is no universal age requirement to ride a roller coaster. Restrictions are based on height (and sometimes rider accompaniment), not age—and they vary by coaster and park.
Restraint systems (lap bars, over-the-shoulder harnesses, seat belts) are engineered for specific body proportions. A tall 6-year-old may fit safely; a short 10-year-old may not. Height ensures the restraint engages properly.
Always check the specific ride's signage or the park's official website/app before queuing. Requirements can change, and parks enforce them strictly for safety. When in doubt, ask a ride operator.