Environmental: Pristine ecosystem; unique extremophiles; chemical contamination (cyanide, mercury, acid mine drainage) would be irreversible in frozen, low-microbial-activity conditions. Waste rock piles would persist for millennia.
Climate: Energy-intensive operations would burn fossil fuels, accelerating ice-sheet melt and sea-level rise.
Legal/Political: The 1959 Antarctic Treaty (Art. IV) freezes sovereignty claims and bans mineral resource activity (Madrid Protocol, 1991). Mining would violate international law, trigger disputes among claimants (Argentina, Chile, UK, Australia, Norway, NZ, France), and undermine the global commons regime.
Economic: Extreme logistics (ice thickness, darkness, remoteness) make extraction prohibitively expensive vs. any plausible commodity price.
Consensus: Preserve Antarctica for science and peace.