How Temperature Changes with Elevation in the Andes

In the Andes, temperature drops as elevation rises—a phenomenon known as the lapse rate. On average, the temperature falls about 6.4°C (11.5°F) per 1,000 meters (3,280 feet) of ascent. Several factors drive this:

1. Air pressure and density decrease with altitude, reducing the air's ability to trap heat.
2. Adiabatic cooling occurs as rising air expands and loses heat.
3. Distance from the sun increases slightly, lessening direct solar radiation.
4. Cloud cover and precipitation at higher elevations further block sunlight.

These gradients create distinct ecological zones, from tropical lowlands to alpine environments, each supporting unique flora and fauna.