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Mount Everest Temperature Extremes: -67.7°C to 16°C

Mount Everest’s summit endures some of Earth’s most brutal conditions. Official records from the Pyramid Observatory (5,050 m) and summit weather stations:

Record Extremes

Metric	Value	Date	Notes
Minimum	-67.7°C (-90°F)	11 March 1985	Summit; wind chill < -80°C
Maximum	16°C (61°F)	29 May 2019	Summit; rare calm, intense solar radiation

Typical Seasonal Ranges (Summit)

Season	Avg. High	Avg. Low	Wind
Pre-monsoon (Apr–May)	-15 to -10°C	-25 to -20°C	Jet stream shifting; "window" days
Monsoon (Jun–Sep)	-10 to -5°C	-20 to -15°C	Heavy snow, high avalanche risk
Post-monsoon (Oct–Nov)	-20 to -15°C	-30 to -25°C	Stable but bitterly cold
Winter (Dec–Mar)	-30 to -25°C	-40 to -35°C	Hurricane-force winds common

Key Climatic Drivers

Altitude: ~1/3 sea-level pressure; low heat capacity.
Jet stream: Sits atop summit Nov–Apr (100+ kt winds); shifts north in summer.
Solar radiation: Intense UV (thin air + snow albedo) → surface heating despite cold air.
Wind chill: Dominant hazard; -60°C + 50 kt = -80°C equivalent.

Base Camp (5,364 m) for Comparison

Avg. spring day: -5 to 5°C; night: -15 to -10°C.
Record low: -30°C; record high: 18°C.

Implications for Climbers

Frostbite risk: Exposed skin freezes in <2 min at -40°C + wind.
Gear: 8000m suits, mittens (not gloves), heated insoles, face masks.
Timing: Summit bids target pre-dawn (coldest) to descend before afternoon storms.

Everest’s temperature isn’t just cold—it’s a dynamic extreme where a 50°C swing can occur in hours. Respect the envelope.

Mount Everest’s Border: Nepal and China (Tibet)

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Ski Trips