1. The Sudanese Government and its Affiliated Militia: The Sudanese government, led by the National Congress Party (NCP) under President Omar al-Bashir, has been accused of supporting and arming militias known as the Janjaweed. The Janjaweed are primarily Arab militiamen from nomadic tribes in Darfur.
2. Rebel Groups: Several rebel groups have emerged in Darfur, fighting against the Sudanese government. The main rebel groups include:
- Sudan Liberation Movement (SLM): The SLM was formed in 2003 as an umbrella organization of several rebel groups in Darfur. It is led by Abdel Wahid al-Nur and has been involved in armed conflict with the Sudanese government.
- Justice and Equality Movement (JEM): The JEM is another rebel group that emerged in Darfur in 2003. It is led by Khalil Ibrahim and has also engaged in armed conflict with the Sudanese government.