- Lemurs: Madagascar is home to over 100 species of lemurs, including the aye-aye, the ring-tailed lemur, and the indri.
- Tenrecs: Tenrecs are small, hedgehog-like mammals that are found only in Madagascar. There are over 30 species of tenrecs, including the common tenrec, the rice tenrec, and the long-tailed tenrec.
- Fossa: The fossa is a large, cat-like mammal that is found only in Madagascar. It is the top predator on the island, and it preys on lemurs, tenrecs, and other small mammals.
Birds
- Madagascar fish eagle: The Madagascar fish eagle is a large bird of prey that is found only in Madagascar. It is threatened by habitat loss and hunting.
- Red-tailed tropicbird: The red-tailed tropicbird is a beautiful seabird that is found in the coastal waters of Madagascar.
- Madagascar crested ibis: The Madagascar crested ibis is a critically endangered bird that is found only in Madagascar. It is threatened by habitat loss and hunting.
Reptiles
- Chameleons: Madagascar is home to over 100 species of chameleons, including the veiled chameleon, the panther chameleon, and the brookesia chameleon.
- Geckos: There are over 30 species of geckos in Madagascar, including the Madagascar giant gecko, the leaf-tailed gecko, and the day gecko.
- Snakes: There are over 80 species of snakes in Madagascar, including the Madagascar boa, the Madagascar ground boa, and the Madagascar tree boa.
Amphibians
- Mantellas: Mantellas are small, brightly colored frogs that are found only in Madagascar. There are over 100 species of mantellas, including the golden mantella, the strawberry mantella, and the blue mantella.
- Tomato frogs: Tomato frogs are large, red frogs that are found only in Madagascar. There are three species of tomato frogs, including the Madagascar tomato frog, the eastern tomato frog, and the western tomato frog.
Invertebrates
- Insects: Madagascar is home to a wide variety of insects, including butterflies, moths, beetles, and ants.
- Spiders: There are over 100 species of spiders in Madagascar, including the golden orb-weaver, the Madagascar hissing cockroach, and the Madagascar giant stick insect.
- Millipedes: There are over 100 species of millipedes in Madagascar, including the giant African millipede, the flat-backed millipede, and the Madagascar rainbow millipede.