Hiragana: Hiragana is a phonetic syllabary consisting of 46 characters. Each hiragana character represents a mora, which is a phonetic unit consisting of a consonant and a vowel. Hiragana characters are used to write words that do not have corresponding kanji characters, such as particles, conjunctions, and interjections. Hiragana is also used to write the pronunciation of kanji characters when necessary.
Katakana: Katakana is another phonetic syllabary consisting of 46 characters. Katakana characters are used to write foreign words, loanwords, scientific terms, and onomatopoeic words. Katakana characters are also used to write emphasis or to create a distinct impression.
Rōmaji: Rōmaji is the romanization of the Japanese language using the Latin alphabet. Rōmaji is not an official writing system in Japan, but it is sometimes used to help foreign learners of Japanese pronounce words or to input Japanese text into computers and other electronic devices.