Languages Spoken in Australia Beyond English: 2021 Census Snapshot

While English is the de facto national language, 22.3% of Australians (5.8M people) spoke a language other than English at home in the 2021 Census. Top 10:

1. Mandarin (685k)
2. Arabic (367k)
3. Vietnamese (320k)
4. Cantonese (295k)
5. Punjabi (239k)
6. Greek (229k)
7. Italian (228k)
8. Hindi (197k)
9. Spanish (176k)
10. Nepali (133k)

Indigenous languages: ~150 still spoken; ~50,000 speakers total. Top: Kriol, Yumplatok (Torres Strait Creole), Djambarrpuyŋu, Pitjantjatjara, Warlpiri. Many endangered; revival programs active.

Australia's linguistic diversity reflects post-WWII European migration, recent Asian migration, and the world's oldest continuous cultures.