Wanderlust World Wanderlust World The Niagara Movement, a pioneering civil-rights organization, was founded in 1905 by William Edward Burghardt Du Bois. He served as its general secretary until the group merged into the newly formed NAACP in 1910.
Du Bois convened 29 Black intellectuals and activists at Niagara Falls (on the Canadian side, after U.S. hotels refused them) to draft a manifesto demanding full civil rights, voting rights, and an end to segregation. The movement's radical stance—contrasting with Booker T. Washington's accommodationism—laid intellectual groundwork for the modern civil-rights struggle.