* Economic pressures: The fur trade, which had been the mainstay of the Métis economy, was in decline by the late 1800s. This led to widespread unemployment and poverty among the Métis.
* Political marginalization: The Métis were not considered to be full citizens of Canada, and they were often denied basic rights such as the right to vote and the right to own land. This made it difficult for the Métis to participate in the political process and to improve their lives.
* Discrimination: The Métis faced widespread discrimination from both the English-speaking and French-speaking populations of Manitoba. This discrimination made it difficult for the Métis to find jobs, to get an education, and to access basic services.
* The Red River Rebellion: The Red River Rebellion of 1869-70 was a major turning point in the history of the Métis. The rebellion was sparked by the Canadian government's decision to transfer the Northwest Territories (which included Manitoba) from the Hudson's Bay Company to Canada without consulting the Métis. The rebellion was defeated, but it led to the creation of the province of Manitoba and the establishment of the Métis as a distinct people.
As a result of these factors, many Métis left Manitoba in the late 1800s and early 1900s. They settled in other parts of Canada, as well as in the United States.