Geography
French Guiana is located on the northern coast of South America, between the Amazon River and the Oyapock River. It has a coastline of 378 kilometers (235 mi). The terrain is mostly tropical rainforest with some savanna in the south. The highest point is Bellevue de l'Inini at 851 meters (2,792 ft). The climate is tropical with two rainy seasons, from December to February and from April to June. The average temperature is 26 °C (79 °F).
History
French Guiana was first explored by Europeans in the 15th century. It was claimed by France in 1604, but the first permanent settlement was not established until 1643. The colony grew slowly due to the harsh climate and the lack of natural resources. In the 19th century, French Guiana was used as a penal colony, and it was not until the 20th century that the economy began to develop.
Culture
The culture of French Guiana is a blend of French, Creole, and Amerindian influences. The official language is French, but Creole is also widely spoken. The main religion is Roman Catholicism.
Economy
The economy of French Guiana is based on fishing, forestry, and mining. The main exports are gold, timber, and shrimp. The unemployment rate is high, and the cost of living is relatively high.
Tourism
Tourism is a growing industry in French Guiana. The main attractions include the rainforests, the wildlife, and the beaches. The most popular tourist destinations are Cayenne, Kourou, and Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni.
Transportation
The main airport in French Guiana is Cayenne-Rochambeau International Airport. The main seaports are Cayenne, Dégrad des Cannes, and Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni. There is also a ferry service between French Guiana and Suriname.
Government
French Guiana is an overseas department and region of France. The head of state is the President of France. The head of government is the Prefect of French Guiana. The legislative body is the Territorial Assembly of French Guiana.
Demographics
The population of French Guiana is about 250,000. The majority of the population is of African descent. There are also significant populations of Europeans, Amerindians, and Asians.
