- The Easter Rising: In April, a group of Irish nationalists led by the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB) launched an armed uprising against British rule in Ireland. The uprising was unsuccessful and the leaders of the rebellion were executed. However, the Rising had a profound impact on Irish politics and helped to create a new spirit of nationalism in Ireland.
- The Home Rule Crisis: In the years following the Easter Rising, the British government attempted to appease Irish nationalists by introducing a series of Home Rule bills that would have given Ireland limited autonomy within the United Kingdom. However, these bills were blocked by the Ulster Unionists, who feared that Home Rule would lead to the eventual unification of Ireland with the Catholic-majority south.
1918
- The First World War ended.
- The Sinn Féin Party, which advocated for an independent Irish republic, won a majority of seats in the Irish parliamentary elections.
- Éamon de Valera, the leader of Sinn Féin, declared an Irish Republic and formed a provisional government.
1919
- The Irish War of Independence began between the Irish Republican Army (IRA) and the British government.
- The British government imposed martial law in Ireland.
- The Irish Republican Army (IRA) launched a guerrilla campaign against the British forces in Ireland.
1920
- The British government passed the Government of Ireland Act, which partitioned Ireland into two parts: Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland.
- The Irish War of Independence continued.
1921
- The Anglo-Irish Treaty was signed, ending the Irish War of Independence.
- The Irish Free State was established as a self-governing dominion within the British Empire.
1922
- The Irish Civil War began between the pro-Treaty and anti-Treaty factions of the IRA.
- The Irish Civil War ended with the defeat of the anti-Treaty IRA.