Mexico's Dual Climate Zones: Rainforest & Subtropical Wet-Dry

Mexico spans both climate types due to its vast latitudinal and altitudinal range:

1. Tropical Rainforest (Af) – Southern Lowlands

• States: Chiapas, Tabasco, Campeche, Quintana Roo (coastal), southern Veracruz.
• Temp: ~25°C (77°F) year-round.
• Rain: 2,000–4,000 mm/year; no dry month (<60 mm).
• Vegetation: Selva alta/baja (Lacandon Jungle, Calakmul, Sian Ka'an).

2. Subtropical Wet-Dry (Aw/Cwa) – Central Highlands & Northern Gulf

• States: Veracruz (central), Puebla, San Luis Potosí, Hidalgo, Guanajuato, Jalisco (inland), Nuevo León, Tamaulipas.
• Temp: ~20°C (68°F) avg; cooler winters (frost possible >2,000m).
• Rain: 1,000–1,500 mm; pronounced dry season Nov–Apr, wet May–Oct.
• Vegetation: Deciduous tropical forest, oak-pine woods, grassland.

Other Zones

Mexico also has desert (BWh/BWk), Mediterranean (Csa), alpine tundra (ETH), and temperate forest (Cfb) zones—making it one of the world's most climatically diverse countries.