Durango is the nearest Colorado city of significant size to Santa Fe, approximately 379 miles (610 km) by road via US-160 W and US-550 N.
Durango (~19,000) offers full services (airport, hotels, hospitals, rail), making it the practical base for Colorado-side trips to Santa Fe. The drive crosses the San Juan Mountains—scenic but watch for winter closures on Wolf Creek Pass (US-160).
For northern Santa Fe metro (e.g., Española), the distance shortens slightly, but Durango remains the nearest substantial Colorado town.