The absence of cows and sheep can lead to a decline in biodiversity. These animals are important grazers, and their absence can alter the plant community composition and structure, leading to a loss of biodiversity. Grasses and other herbaceous plants may increase, while shrubs and trees may decrease, altering the habitat for other species.
Alteration of nutrient cycling
Cows and sheep play a vital role in nutrient cycling by consuming plants, breaking down plant matter, and returning nutrients to the soil through their manure. Without them, the cycling of nutrients can be disrupted, affecting the productivity and health of plant communities.
Soil degradation and erosion
The absence of cows and sheep can lead to soil degradation and erosion. These animals help to maintain soil structure and fertility by adding organic matter and compacting the soil. Without their presence, the soil may become more susceptible to erosion, leading to the loss of valuable topsoil and the degradation of the ecosystem.
Increased risk of wildfires
Grazing by cows and sheep can help to reduce the risk of wildfires by keeping vegetation in check. Without these animals, the accumulation of dry vegetation can increase the risk of fires, which can have devastating effects on ecosystems.
Loss of traditional farming practices
The decline in cows and sheep can also lead to the loss of traditional farming practices, such as transhumance and agroforestry. These practices, which involve the movement of livestock between different grazing areas, have co-evolved with the local environment and contribute to the sustainability of ecosystems. Without these traditional practices, the environment can be negatively impacted.
