"Fez" in Turkey: Hat, District, and Mountain

The term "Fez" (Turkish: Fes) refers to three distinct concepts in Turkey:

1. The Fez Hat (Fes)

Traditional Ottoman headgear: Cylindrical, brimless, red felt cap with black tassel. Adopted 1826 under Mahmud II as modernized military/civilian headwear replacing turbans. Symbol of Ottoman reform and Islamic identity. Banned 1925 by Atatürk's Hat Law (Law No. 671) to promote Western dress. Now ceremonial/tourist item.

2. Fez District (Fes İlçesi)

Ankara Province: District (ilçe) northwest of Ankara city. Population ~15,000. Agricultural area (grains, vegetables). Pronounced "Feyz" locally. Not to be confused with Fez, Morocco.

3. Fez Mountain (Fez Tepe)

Yozgat Province: Peak elevation 2,319 m (7,608 ft). Part of the Anatolian Plateau. Geographic landmark in central Anatolia. Hiking destination with alpine meadows.

Disambiguation

Context determines meaning:
• History/culture → hat
• Ankara administration → district
• Geography/mountaineering → peak
• Morocco → imperial city of Fez (Fès)