How do tunnels in dams produce electricity?

Dams do not produce electricity through tunnels. Dams generate electricity by harnessing the potential energy of stored water to create hydropower. Water is released from a reservoir behind the dam through turbines, spinning them and generating electricity. Tunnels in dams serve various purposes, such as diverting water from the reservoir for controlled release downstream, controlling or reducing water pressure on the dam structure, facilitating water transfer for irrigation or drinking purposes, and allowing fish passage to preserve ecosystems. Electricity generation requires specific infrastructure such as hydroelectric powerhouses equipped with turbines, generators, and electrical systems. These are typically located near the base of the dam or in separate power plants downstream.