High-speed diesel engines use 1D fuel, which improves cold weather starting and performance because of its lower pour point and lower viscosity. In cold weather, fuel must remain liquid at low temperatures, which gives it a lower pour point for optimum performance. The thickness or viscosity of fuel must also be lower during cold weather to maintain its ability to flow. 1D fuel has a lower BTU (British thermal units) rating, which results in lower miles per gallon (mpg). Starting and stopping a diesel engine frequently generally requires the use of 1D fuel, according to BanksPower.com.
According to Tomorrow'sTechnician.com, high-speed diesel engines use 2D fuel, which works best in warmer weather. It has a higher pour point and viscosity. Fuels with low viscosity do not lubricate as well, because they liquify too quickly at higher temperatures. With its higher viscosity, 2D fuel retains its lubricity and offers better protection for the moving parts of the fuel injection system. 2D also has a higher BTU rating, which means it provides better power and mileage.
Mobile engines cannot use 4D fuel. This classification of fuel works best when used in low-speed stationary units. It has higher viscosity and better lubricating qualities than other diesel fuels, but it generally requires warm ambient temperatures in order to flow properly in fuel systems.
The cetane rating is the measurement of diesel fuel's ignition quality. It signifies how easily it self-ignites in cold and warm temperatures. A common rating in the United States is 40, with the ultra low-sulfur diesel fuel rated at 55 to 60. Dodge, for example, recommends a cetane rating of 40 for temperatures above 32 degrees, and a rating of 45 for temperatures below 32 degrees.
Plant oils, such as soybean and palm, animal fat and recycled cooking oils are among the products used in the production of biodiesel fuels. Sometimes used as a separate mix, biodiesel is usually blended into conventional diesel fuel. The benefits of biodiesel fuels include reducing our need to depend upon foreign crude oil and lower greenhouse gas emissions. Changes in Diesel Fuel, a publication of the National Biodiesel Board, states, biodiesel fuels are nontoxic and biodegradable.
