Rent a car and drive the 450 kilometers, or 300 miles, on the A-1. Rentals are found at the Madrid airport or may be arranged through most hotel concierge services. Be prepared to pay higher prices for fuel. Spain sells fuel by the liter. There are roughly four liters to a gallon.
Book a flight on either Iberia -- the national airline of Spain -- or the regional Air Nostrum between Madrid and Pamplona. Flight time is around one hour and there are several departures daily. Fares change regularly but expect to pay between 100 and 200 Euros.
Travel between the two cities via train. There are four daily departures for Pamplona from Madrid on the Avila train line. Prices as of January 2011 were between 50 Euros one-way or 75 Euros return.