Use the original packaging, if you still have it. This packaging, while making it more bulky to carry, was designed to protect your PS3 during transit. If you don't have the original packaging, then use a reel of plastic bubble wrap and wrap it around the PS3 several times. Use strips of adhesive tape to hold the bubble wrap in place.
Put the PS3 into a bag that has strong handles and is larger than the PS3. A small suitcase is fine, but ensure it conforms to the size of bag allowed as carry-on luggage.
Put wadded up paper or bubble wrap inside the bag so it acts as a cushion between the bag and the PS3. This gives extra protection to your PS3 in case you drop the bag. Make certain that you can still access the PS3 fairly easily. When you pass through security you will need to show the PS3 and will probably have to remove it from the bag.
Place the bag containing the PS3 into the overhead bin on the plane. However, try to ensure you can get the bag as far back from the bin door as possible, so it doesn't fall out when the bin is opened.