When the term "electronic" is used to refer to the travel visa itself, it usually refers to an electronic strip or insert attached or affixed to a passport and used for authorization by a traveler to enter another country. Several countries make use of this electronic implant, often times referred to as an "e-visa," while a few utilize services such as a database to keep track of who has authorization to enter.
At times, an electronic visa can refer to the application process, instead of the actual visa itself. In this instance, a potential traveler is able to apply online, instead of visiting their consulate or embassy, as is traditionally done. Some countries utilize the electronic application process alone, or the electronic visa alone, while a few combine the two.
Australia is one such country that utilizes both. U.S. citizens traveling to Australia are required to possess an Australian visa or Electronic Travel Authority for entry into the country, in addition to their valid, unexpired passport. The Australian Department of Immigration and Citizenship offers a two-pronged electronic service by accepting and processing visa applications online and by utilizing the electronic label-free visa for tourists and business travelers entering the country. The Electronic Travel Authority or ETA , is similar to the Australian visa, but instead of the electronic insert on a traveler's passport it is an electronically-stored equivalent that is accessible to is accessible by airlines, travel agents and Australian border agencies. However not all nationalities are eligible to apply for the ETA. Those who cannot are required to opt for the electronic, label-free visa.
Another example of the electronic visa is with the United States. The United States has an electronic visa application that streamlines the process for foreign nationals to gain entry into the country, depending on their country of citizenship and reason for visit. In addition, there is a Visa Waiver Program, which allows individuals from 36 countries to enter without a visa. However, these same individuals must apply through the Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA) for approval.
Many third-party sites make it possible to electronically apply for a visa to enter another country, albeit for a fee. These sites work by utilizing the potential traveler's country of citizenship, destination and purpose of travel to determine whether or not a visa is needed. From there, the traveler is prompted to supply the necessary information and pay a fee to have their visa application submitted to the appropriate authorities. The appeal of such a service is in the streamlined process of applying online, the minimal confusion associated with the layouts of the site and presentation of country requirements and the ability to pay by credit card. The drawback of course is in the additional fees, and potential for fraud with less-than-well-intentioned websites.
