Short-term Australian visitors to Canada and Mexico do not need a visa to enter or exit the country. In South and Central America no country except Chile requires a visa for short term visits. Chile, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, and Trinidad and Tobago all have visitors pay a fee for a tourist card that is essentially a visa. The United States, Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands don't require visas but do require visitors have Electronic Travel Authorization.
Only Armenia, Azerbaijan and Turkey require short term visitors to purchase a visa. The visa can be bought when you arrive in the country for a nominal fee. All other countries in Europe do not expect short term visitors to have a visa.
Most Asian countries expect visitors to have a visa or tourist card. For Hong Kong, Japan, Malaysia, Korea, Sri Lanka, Singapore and a few other countries, the tourist card is issued for free when you enter. Indonesia and Laos provide a visa upon arrival for a small fee. To visit Cambodia or Vietnam you must a apply for a visa at least three days ahead of time even for short stays. Other Asian countries require forms to be completed at least two weeks before your travel date including India, China and Russia.
Botswana, Gambia, Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius, Mayotte, Morocco, Namibia, Saint Helena, Seychelles, South Africa and Swaziland do not require a visa for Australians making short term visits. All other countries in Africa require a visa, most of which are issued when you arrive for a fee.
Australians can freely travel to and work in New Zealand without a visa. Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands don't require a visa for short-term stays but you must have Electronic Travel Authorization. All other countries in Oceania except Papua New Guinea do not require a visa or issue a visa for free upon entry to the country. Papua New Guinea charges a small fee for their visa.
