Why is housing scarce in Cairo?

Rapid Population Growth: Cairo is one of the fastest-growing cities globally, with a population officially estimated at over 20 million. This rapid population growth puts immense pressure on the city's housing supply, as the demand for housing cannot keep pace with the influx of new residents.

Limited Land Availability: Cairo is geographically constrained by the Nile River to its west and desert land to its east. The limited availability of flat, buildable land within the city boundaries restricts the expansion of housing developments. As a result, the city has become increasingly dense, with limited space for new construction.

High Land and Housing Costs: Land and housing prices in Cairo have been steadily rising, making it challenging for many people to afford a place to live. This is partly due to the limited land availability and the high demand for housing, as well as speculative real estate investments that further drive up prices.

Urbanization and Migration: Cairo attracts many migrants from other parts of Egypt and even other countries, seeking economic opportunities and better living conditions. This influx of people further intensifies the demand for housing in the city.

Insufficient Housing Supply: The Egyptian government and private sector have not been able to keep up with the increasing demand for housing. The construction of new housing units lags behind the population growth rate, resulting in a severe housing shortage.

Informal Settlements: Due to the scarcity of affordable housing, many low-income residents resort to living in informal settlements known as "ashwa'iyat." These settlements often lack adequate infrastructure, sanitation, and basic services, contributing to the housing crisis in Cairo.

Socioeconomic Disparities: The scarcity of housing disproportionately affects low-income and vulnerable communities. They often struggle to find affordable and adequate housing, leading to overcrowding, substandard living conditions, and increased social and economic challenges.

Addressing the housing scarcity in Cairo requires comprehensive urban planning, increased investment in affordable housing, and policies that regulate land use and real estate development. The Egyptian government and local authorities must work together to find sustainable solutions to ensure adequate and affordable housing for Cairo's growing population.