Determine the local magnetic declination for the area covered by your topographic map. Every United States Geological Survey topographic map contains a diagram at the bottom that shows the magnetic declination, or difference between magnetic and true north. Magnetic declination varies over time so it is wise to make sure you have current information. Determine if the local declination of magnetic north is east or west of true north and the degrees difference.
Draw a line on the map from your starting point to your destination point. This is called your "map bearing." Continue to draw the line from your destination through the map border. This is called the "neat line." Make sure that you are away from any metal objects that could affect you compass. Place your compass on your topographic map. Position it so that the needle's pivot point is directly over the meeting point of your map bearing line and your neat line. This is your destination.
Rotate the azimuth ring of the compass until the azimuth ring north is lined up with map north. Read the degrees of your map bearing from the compass dial. Insure that the bearing indicates the direction of travel. For example, the bearing is 90 degrees if you are going to travel due east. The bearing is 270 degrees if you are going to travel due west.
Calculate the declination before turning the compass dial. Subtract the declination amount from the bearing you just derived if magnetic north is east of true north. Add the declination amount to the bearing if magnetic north is west of true north. Turn the compass dial until the number you calculated lines up with the index line.
Remove the compass from the map and keep the direction of travel arrow pointing directly away from you. Overlay the red magnetic needle over the orienting arrow by turning the compass and your body all in one motion. Identify a landmark along this bearing, and go to it. Continue repeating this step until you arrive at your destination.
