Fes was founded on the banks of the Fez river in 789 A.D. It is believed to have been the largest city in the world in 1170 and it was a center of religion and science. Learned individuals came from all over the known world to study in Fes. This extensive history, as well as the attractive location next to the river, is what has continued to keep Fes in the public eye. It has a fairly moderate climate, and is easily accessible by plane or train via Marrakesh.
One of Fes's primary draws is the medina, or old section of town. It is referred to as Fes-al-Bali, and is a UNESCO world heritage site. There are several well-marked tourist paths throughout the city, marked by various colored signs; follow the green signs to the Andalusian palaces and gardens. Guidebooks usually recommend a guide to the medina, as you can get lost or turned around. The medina features an open air Berber pharmacy, extensive tanneries and leather dyeing facilities, as well as shops and stalls all within the stone walls of the ancient city.
Due to its incredible age, Fes offers many historical sites. Chief among them is the Andalusian Mosque, which can be spotted from a substantial distance. Just look for the white and green minaret, or tower, on top. The El Qaraouiyyn mosque was built by 857 and is the oldest center of learning in the western world. Its library contains a ninth-century Koran. The royal palace, Dar el-Makhzen, is not open to the public, but the golden doors are visible and spectacular. The Koran school of the Medersa Bou Inania is one of the few religious buildings that non-Muslims may enter. It features extensive carved woodwork and excellent rooftop views.
Fes features two large museums. The Borj-Nord museum is housed in a 16th-century fortress and features extensive collections of art and weaponry, both from Africa and around the world. Many rare pieces of weaponry have been donated and are on display. The Dar Batha Museum is located in a 19th-century palace and includes traditional Moroccan art, including jewelry and coins, with a special exhibition of Fes's famed blue ceramics.
Shopping in the souks, or markets in Fes's medinas, is not to be missed. This is an activity for which you should bring a guide with you, as not all the shopkeepers and stall merchants speak English, and you should negotiate on prices to keep from offending the seller. Fes is one of the centers of Moroccan hand crafts, particularly ceramics, but you can also find brass and copper goods and leather work, including drums and bags. Any taxi can take you to the ceramics factories, where you can observe the manufacturing process before you purchase pots, plates or dishes to take home.
