Temporary visas are available that allow for travel into Australia. The Australian government grants many of the same groups of individuals that are eligible for United States visas. Athletes, students, tourists, retirees, and individuals traveling to Australia for work are among those eligible for Australian visas.
Individuals can enter Australia under a refugee or humanitarian status. Australia offers special visas to refugees, individuals that have suffered persecution and discrimination from their home country, and those deemed to need emergency rescue. Women who are living outside their home country with no male relative can be considered "at risk" and may apply for this type of visa as well.
Australia offers a variety of ways to apply for citizenship, each of which has different eligibility requirements. The Australian government website provides a list of the various application options to help determine which application for citizenship best fits each individual situation.