2) Symbiotic Relationships: Corals engage in a fascinating symbiotic partnership with a type of algae known as zooxanthellae. These tiny algae reside within the coral's tissues and provide them with essential nutrients through photosynthesis. In return, the corals offer the algae protection and a suitable environment for growth. This mutually beneficial relationship is crucial for the survival and growth of coral colonies.
3) Reef Formation: Coral reefs develop over extended periods through the continuous process of calcification. As individual corals deposit calcium carbonate, they gradually construct elaborate reef structures, which include various formations like coral heads, branching corals, and massive colonies. The growth and accretion of these coral structures create complex habitats and provide shelter and sustenance for a diverse array of marine life.
4) Sensitivity to Environmental Changes: Coral reefs are highly susceptible to environmental fluctuations and disturbances. Variations in water temperature, nutrient levels, salinity, and increased sedimentation can profoundly impact coral health and resilience. Rising ocean temperatures, in particular, pose a significant threat to coral ecosystems by causing coral bleaching—a phenomenon where corals expel their symbiotic algae, leading to their loss of color and increased vulnerability to disease and death.
