Israel's export economy is defined by knowledge-intensive, high-value sectors:
| Sector | Key Products | Share |
|---|---|---|
| High-Tech / Electronics | Semiconductors (Intel Israel), cybersecurity, software, medtech, avionics | ~45% |
| Diamonds & Gemstones | Polished diamonds (world's largest trading center), jewelry | ~15% |
| Pharmaceuticals | Teva (generics), biologics, APIs | ~10% |
| Defense / Aerospace | Missiles (Spike, Iron Dome), UAVs (Heron), radar, avionics, upgrades | ~8% |
| Chemicals | Bromine (Dead Sea), specialty chemicals, fertilizers (ICL) | ~5% |
| Machinery & Equipment | Industrial robots, irrigation (Netafim), printing (Scitex/HP Indigo) | ~5% |
| Agriculture | Citrus, avocados, dates, peppers, cherry tomatoes, flowers, seeds | ~3% |
"Start-Up Nation" — 6,000+ startups, highest R&D/GDP (5.4%), NASDAQ listings #3 after US/China.