In general, the Sea of Japan is colder in the north and warmer in the south. The average surface water temperature in the northern Sea of Japan is about 2°C (36°F) in February and about 18°C (64°F) in August. In the southern Sea of Japan, the average surface water temperature is about 10°C (50°F) in February and about 26°C (79°F) in August.
The Sea of Japan is also colder at depth than it is at the surface. The average bottom water temperature in the northern Sea of Japan is about -1.5°C (29°F) in February and about 4°C (39°F) in August. In the southern Sea of Japan, the average bottom water temperature is about 2°C (36°F) in February and about 12°C (54°F) in August.
The salinity of the Sea of Japan also varies greatly depending on the season, location, and depth of the water. In general, the salinity of the Sea of Japan is higher in the north and lower in the south. The average surface water salinity in the northern Sea of Japan is about 34 parts per thousand (‰) in February and about 32 ‰ in August. In the southern Sea of Japan, the average surface water salinity is about 31 ‰ in February and about 29 ‰ in August.
The Sea of Japan is also more saline at depth than it is at the surface. The average bottom water salinity in the northern Sea of Japan is about 35 ‰ in February and about 33 ‰ in August. In the southern Sea of Japan, the average bottom water salinity is about 32 ‰ in February and about 31 ‰ in August.