No, the US Capitol has never been located in New York City.
| Period | Capital | Building |
|---|---|---|
| 1781–1783 | Philadelphia, PA | Independence Hall (Congress) |
| 1783 | Princeton, NJ | Nassau Hall |
| 1783–1784 | Annapolis, MD | Maryland State House |
| 1784–1785 | Trenton, NJ | French Arms Tavern |
| 1785–1790 | **New York City** | **Federal Hall (Wall St.)** — **Confederation Congress & 1st US Congress** |
| 1790–1800 | Philadelphia, PA | Congress Hall |
| 1800–present | **Washington, D.C.** | **US Capitol Building** |
NYC was the **nation's capital** when the Constitution launched; Washington, D.C. didn't exist yet. But "US Capitol" refers specifically to the building on Capitol Hill, D.C.
So: **US Capital (city) = NYC (temporarily). US Capitol (building) = only ever Washington, D.C.**