How Many Private Zoos Are in the U.S.?

As of recent estimates, there are approximately 2,000 privately owned zoos and animal exhibitors in the United States — but the term is poorly defined and lightly regulated.

What Counts as a "Private Zoo"?

• USDA Class C exhibitors (licensed under Animal Welfare Act): ~2,000+ — includes roadside zoos, sanctuaries, breeders, educators.
• AZA-accredited: Only ~240 — gold standard for welfare, conservation, science.
• ZAA (Zoological Association of America): ~60 — alternative accreditation, less rigorous.
• Unlicensed/underground: Unknown — backyard menageries, cub-petting ops, traffickers.

Critical Issues

• No federal definition of "zoo" — anyone with a USDA license can call themselves one.
• State laws vary wildly — some ban private big cats/primates; others require only a permit.
• Big Cat Public Safety Act (2022) — bans private ownership of lions, tigers, etc., phases out public contact.
• Sanctuary vs. zoo: True sanctuaries (GFAS-accredited) don’t breed, buy, sell, or allow contact.

How to Verify

Check USDA APHIS inspection reports (public), AZA/GFAS accreditation, and state wildlife agency records. Avoid facilities offering cub petting, photo ops, or "rescue" breeding.

The number 2,000 reflects licensed exhibitors — not quality, conservation value, or animal welfare.