It is commonly misunderstood that there exists an "EU Passport" which covers all nations that fall under the EU. In fact, "EU Passport" actually refers to any passport that was issued by an EU member country. Those who hold such passports can travel and work freely within EU nations. Some of these benefits also extend to countries in the Schengen Area, which as of September 2010, consists of 25 European countries.
Those who hold EU citizenship are not that same as those who only hold EU residency. A person can only become an EU citizen through birth, marriage, long-term residency and family relations. Only those with EU citizenship are allowed to hold an EU passport. Meanwhile, a person with residency holds foreign citizenship, but has a legal right to live and work in an EU country. However, the rules and regulations regarding a foreigners right to reside in an EU state depends on the nation.
Those who have EU citizenship are allowed to travel freely throughout countries under the EU and Schengen Area without being limited by any internal border controls or visa requirements. However, as of September 2010, a valid passport or ID card is still required for Bulgaria, Cyprus, Ireland, Romania and the United Kingdom as these five nations are not Schengen members. On the other hand, Iceland, Norway and Switzerland are Schengen members but are not in the EU. An EU citizen must also present a valid passport and ID card when entering or exiting the EU at the external borders.
Non-EU citizens require a valid foreign passport and a visa in order to enter EU member nations. Exceptions are countries that have been allowed visa-free entry into EU member countries for a limited amount of time, including Australia, Canada, Croatia, Japan, New Zealand and the United States. However, the list of those who require visas to travel to the United Kingdom or Ireland is slightly different from other EU countries. This means foreigners should check to see what visa documents are required of them before traveling to these countries. Some EU border officials may also ask for supporting documents, such as invitation letters, proof of lodging, and return tickets. Travelers should check whether they need to supply this information before attempting to enter the EU.
