1. The Andes:
- Located along the western coast of South America, stretching from Venezuela to Chile and Argentina.
- The longest continental mountain range in the world, spanning approximately 7,000 kilometers.
- Includes some of the highest peaks in the Western Hemisphere, such as Aconcagua (6,961 meters), the highest mountain in the Americas.
- Divided into several sections: the Northern Andes, Central Andes, and Southern Andes.
2. The Coastal Range:
- Located in Chile, running parallel to the Andes along the Pacific coast.
- Comprises a series of mountain ranges, including the Cordillera de la Costa and the Cordillera de Nahuelbuta.
- Lower in elevation compared to the Andes, with peaks ranging from 1,000 to 2,000 meters.
3. The Brazilian Highlands:
- Located in Brazil, covering much of the eastern and southeastern parts of the country.
- Composed of a series of plateaus and mountain ranges, including the Serra do Mar and the Serra da Mantiqueira.
- Highest point is Pico da Bandeira at 2,892 meters, located in the Serra do Caparaó.
4. The Guiana Highlands:
- Located in northeastern South America, encompassing parts of Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana.
- Comprises a series of plateaus and mountain ranges, including the Roraima Mountains and the Pakaraima Mountains.
- Highest point is Mount Roraima at 2,810 meters, located on the border between Brazil, Venezuela, and Guyana.
5. The Patagonian Andes:
- Located in southern South America, covering parts of Chile and Argentina.
- Comprises the southernmost section of the Andes mountain range.
- Includes some of the most rugged and scenic landscapes, with glaciers, fjords, and towering peaks.
- Highest point is Mount Fitz Roy (3,405 meters) located on the border between Chile and Argentina.
