When rivers flood, they carry sediment-rich water from upstream areas and deposit it on the surrounding floodplains. This sediment, known as alluvium, is composed of silt, clay, and organic matter, which are essential for plant growth. As the floodwaters recede, the deposited sediment enriches the soil, making it highly fertile and suitable for agriculture. Alluvial soils are prized for their high water retention capacity and nutrient content, supporting diverse ecosystems and productive agricultural lands.
