How were cattle from Texas moved to the northern railroad?

Cattle drives: Cowboys would gather the cattle and drive them north along established trails, such as the Chisholm Trail, which stretched from Texas to Kansas. These drives could cover hundreds of miles and last several months, with the cowboys facing harsh weather conditions, stampedes, and attacks by Native Americans and rustlers.

Steamboats: Along some rivers, such as the Mississippi River and the Missouri River, steamboats were used to transport cattle. This method was more efficient and faster than driving the cattle overland, but it was also more expensive and had limited capacity.

Railroads: As the railroad network expanded westward in the 19th century, it became the primary means of transporting cattle. The railroads allowed for large numbers of cattle to be shipped quickly and efficiently over long distances, reducing the time and effort involved in moving cattle from Texas to the northern markets.