These three nations share a distinctive geographic trait: each spans the American landmass with coastlines on both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
Pacific coast: 4,800+ miles (Baja California to Guatemala)
Atlantic/Gulf of Mexico coast: 1,700+ miles (Texas border to Belize)
Pacific coast: 630 miles (Nicaragua to Panama)
Caribbean (Atlantic) coast: 130 miles (Nicaragua to Panama)
Atlantic coast: 4,650+ miles (entire eastern seaboard)
Pacific access: Indirect via Amazon River navigation to Peruvian ports, though no direct Pacific coastline
Important clarification: Brazil does not have a direct Pacific coastline. Its Atlantic coast is immense, but Pacific access requires transit through neighboring countries (Peru, Colombia, Bolivia) via river or land routes. The original claim of "coastlines on both oceans" applies accurately to Mexico and Costa Rica, but not Brazil.
All three are major Latin American economies, biodiversity hotspots, and cultural powerhouses—with Mexico and Costa Rica in North/Central America, Brazil dominating South America.