Gather all the supplies necessary for the trip. This will vary depending on the length of the hike, but there are some usual basics. First, shelter and clothing. Your sleeping bag and tent should already come in their own tightly bundled sheaths, so pack those as they are. Clothes depend on the season, but they should be breathable and quick-drying, and always bring at least one extra set. And include a rain poncho to cover yourself or your pack in case of showers.
Food and water: Food should be limited to dry, freeze dried or canned/pouched. Note that canned food will add some extra weight to the pack. Put all food in a sturdy plastic bag to prevent any leaks. Bring a small camp stove and fuel, a mess kit and utensils, and anything else you need to cook your food. Water is essential, so be sure to carry at least several bottles, more if you will be in an area with limited water sources. Also, bring a water filter if possible.
Other essentials include a compass and map, a multi-tool or knife, matches or a lighter, and a first-aid kit. Remember your personal items: toothbrush and paste, hand and foot warmers for colder weather, tissues, sunblock, lip balm, insect repellent, and whatever other toiletries you might need.
Set the pack upright and stuff your rolled sleeping bag to the bottom. This will make a sturdy base for your pack and allow for more important items to be nearer to the top and more accessible.
Determine the style of terrain that will be hiked for the majority of the trip. If you're planning to hike in steep, hilly or mountainous terrain pack the area on top of the sleeping bag closest to your back with heavy items, such as your tent, to achieve a lower center of gravity and prevent top-heavy falls. If you'll be hiking on fairly flat terrain, medium-weight items, such as clothes, blankets and bags of food, should be packed lower in the pack to achieve a higher center of gravity and make the hike more comfortable.
Pack lightweight and bulky materials, such as pots and pans, on top of the sleeping bag in the front of the pack, away from the back. Other things that might be in this area are water filters and small, lightweight stoves.
Load the top of the pack in opposition with the lower back. For steep terrain, fill the top of the pack with medium-weight items. For flatter terrain, fill the top with a mix of medium and heavy items, with the heavier ones closer to your head.
Load water bottles and canteens into the side pockets, in equal equal weights on each side. Fill outer pockets with maps, GPS, compass, rain poncho, snacks and other items that you'll want to access quickly. Strap your sleeping pad to the bottom of the pack.
